Asking for Directions

Asking for Directions When I applied to MIT, I had a good idea of what I wanted to do when I grew up. Having been a computer nut since age four, I happily wrote down computer science on the line of my application indicating my intended major. I was reaching for the top what better place to study computing than MIT? And so it went. I got in and my dream of being some eminent CS guy was on its way. Strengthening my plan was the fact that MIT has one of the nations top undergrad business schools, and I could even double major in both computer science and business. What a winning combination! Sounds like the perfect training for the next big Internet startup, right? Thats when I learned about MITs department of civil engineering, home to some interesting and important transportation research. Visions of shaping new developments in the worlds train networks were starting to look pretty appealing. And besides, I wanted to keep computing as a hobby, right? Didnt want to study it to death, else I might start looking at it as a job so out went Course 6 and in went Course 1. I really couldnt think of anything else I wanted to study. Transportation just looked so interesting. And thats not to say it doesnt now. Im just still keeping my mind open. Its kinda weird, I mean sometime during last calendar year, my passion for exploring the far-reaching ends of the computer went dormant, replaced by a new enthusiasm for travel. I had built this support structure, this foundation on which my life ran, of computers and servers and networks and programming, and while the knowledge or expertise didnt vanish, the interest of pursuing it seemed to. I guess its a good thing we dont have to choose a major until the end of the year. :-) (It still doesnt feel like the year is almost half over. It feels like I just got here.) So what have I been doing since my last update? Dheera (fellow Third East resident) and I took the bus to Montreal and Quebec City last weekend, taking advantage of the holiday to cover some extra spots on the map. We saw a lot of stuff took the metro to various parts of Montreal, checked out some markets, saw a lot of history, and crossed the St. Lawrence more than a few times. ;-) Quebec City is (one of?) the last walled city in North America. The place looks very much out of a storybook :-) Its an easy two and a half hours from Montreal by bus or train. Ill leave you with a few pictures (you can see more on Dheeras website) In my transportation seminar, we were asked to identify travel options, routes and fares for the Boston-Washington corridor during a specified date period, select the best option, defend our choices, and estimate how many people per day we thought utilized each mode of transport. The actual work of the assignment was pretty simple, but more interesting was seeing what everyone else came up with. I was the only one who would pick the train. :-( My choice, however, was reasonable the difference in total time between air and rail is only a couple of hours when you consider the hours in advance you have to spend at the airport, the security delays, air traffic control delays, and baggage claim as theres more usable time onboard a train. I can get work done for the entire duration of the trip, and at the very end Im left in the center of the city, right where I want to be. Theres so much waiting and shuffling when you fly. In my writing class, were currently working on an assignment to explore an aspect of modern-day computing and its broader social implications. I chose the subject of college admissions and how the computer is changing the experience for both applicant and college. :-) Well see how that turns out. How are your applications going? The folks in admissions are hard at work reading all your files (for early applicants), but for those electing regular action, youve still got a couple weeks. Good luck!

Essay about Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant...

The topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mothers job satisfaction and drive, amount of work, and the mothers opinion of quality versus quantity time with children. The main concept at hand here is the importance of an attachment in the first few years as being vital to a childs later development. One side†¦show more content†¦It was also found that the children that had received care for 20 or more hours per week during their first year and this care continued through their preschool years did poorly academically and socially than the children t hat had not received full-time care until sometime later. Sometime later referring to at least after the childs second year of life; this is due to research that has also shown that children that began full-time care for 30 hours a week in their second year functioned just as poorly as these children whose care was initiated in their first year of life. These studies have been examined by many researchers, each of them varying and being put together a little better than the last after taking in to mind the criticism for each. After Belskys research was criticized another similar study was done but also took into account the background information of the child, mother and the family. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth was used for these studies which also lead to there being a more representative sample of children. Their research broke up the children, 4, 5 and 6 year olds, into three separate groups so they could be compared on the emotional and social functioning being studied. There were two groups differing by when theirShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant Development1645 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The topic of this paper is the debate of whether or not maternal employment has any effect on infant development. Research on this described topic has recently become popular due to the rise of working mothers over the past several decades. Their increasing numbers in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at home moms are creating a number of different issues to be studied. The effects of maternal employment are determined by a number of factors that include, the mother’s jobRead MoreThe Legal Basis For Maternity1342 Words   |  6 Pagesforce. A 1994 census indicates that, of married women with infants under 1 year of age, 55% were employed (Bachu, 1995). For those women with young children who are employed, the majority (65%) return to work shortly after the birth of their child, and most work full time (Hayghe, 1986). In light of these statistics for maternal employment, child and family advocates have pushed for parental leave legislation and supportive policies in employment settings. Prior to 1963, the fact that women bear childrenRead MoreThe Maternal Mortality Of South Africa Essay1389 Words   |  6 Pages2.1.1 Background on the maternal and infant/child health in South Africa There are numerous issues surrounding maternal and infant health in South Africa. The maternal mortality ratio in South Africa is estimated at 156.5 per 100000 live births (Pattinson et al 2012). It is suggested that 60% of maternal deaths in South Africa are preventable (Amnesty International 2014). The three leading underlying causes of maternal mortality in South Africa include: HIV/AIDS, hypertension and obstetric haemorrhageRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginal theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953) which is associated with his theory of attachment and resultedRead MoreThe Importance Of Education During Pregnancy995 Words   |  4 PagesConsidering the maternal state has on the formation of the developing fetus (Verny Weintraub, 2002), one can begin to infer that providing competent, birth-centered supporting during pregnancy has the potential to impact fetal development (Gentry etl.al, 2010). We have already surveyed the benefits on doula use in low income, vulnerable populations as showing an increase in birthweight, a factor associated with infant mortality and a reduction of cesarean sections, which impacts maternal outcomes asRead MoreNurse Family Partnership : A Community Health Based Home Visiting Program1491 Words   |  6 Pagessocially disadvantaged teenagers who are first time mothers. These health professionals pay home visits from pregnancy till the children are about two years of age. The aim of this is to improve pregnancy outcomes, health and development of the child and improve the maternal lif e course through promotion of economic self-sufficiency. This program which is evidence based have proven effective over 3 decades and have been replicated in other communities and states with similar goals which has provenRead More child development Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child development is a very important in today’s psychology. That is why it is not surprising that so much research has been developed on that topic. In the article â€Å"Transforming the Debate About Child Care and Maternal Employment† the author, Louise B. Silverstein, presents a very interesting point of view on the history as well as the future of psychological research on child care and influence of maternal employment on child development. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;TheRead MoreAttachment Theory In Pregnancy815 Words   |  4 Pageswell as, greater rates of discontinuity among middle-risk groups. Waters et al (2000) administered 12-month-old low-risk infants with the Strange Situation Task in a twenty-year longitudinal study and reported a stability rate of 64%, whereas, Aikins, Howes and Hamilton (2009) via similar procedures demonstrated the stability rate of attachment categories among low-risk infants were only 25%. An explanation for these differences may be due to sample sizes or measurement errors, however the interraterRead MoreIntegrating The Cope Program Is The Work Of Mccubbin And Mccubbins Resiliency Model Of Family Stress, Adjustment1515 Words   |  7 Pagessupporting the maternal interaction from the NICU to the home (Nichols Roux, 2004). The expense of the NICU care creates an impasse of maternal response and financial commitment when the maternal parent holds the insurance for the family and must ret urn to work. This is a challenge for family resiliency and the parent/infant bond through more social support and employer support to maintain family equilibrium (Nichols Roux, 2004; Ramvi Davies, 2010). Gaps in Literature The maternal parent, isRead MoreAttachment Is A Lasting And Profound Emotional Bond1126 Words   |  5 Pagesattachments are formed, they are called ‘subsidiary attachments’ however they do not have the same effect on the baby’s development (Prior, 2006, P63). This then lead to Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory; if there is a malfunction of the maternal attachment or the maternal attachment was never formed, it could lead to severe negative consequences such as a lack of emotional, intellectual and social development of the child, this could perhaps lead to affectionless psychopathy (McLeod, 2007). This theory

Blah - 4489 Words

Journal of Advertising, 43(1), 18–32 Copyright C 2014, American Academy of Advertising ISSN: 0091-3367 print / 1557-7805 online DOI: 10.1080/00913367.2013.799450 â€Å"I Eat Organic for My Beneï ¬ t and Yours†: Egoistic and Altruistic Considerations for Purchasing Organic Food and Their Implications for Advertising Strategists Ioannis Kareklas Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA Jeffrey R. Carlson University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA Darrel D. Muehling Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA 80% of survey respondents (marketers) indicated they expected to increase the amount of money their ï ¬ rms spend on green marketing efforts in the future. While organic food is the fastest†¦show more content†¦E-mail: ioannis.kareklas@wsu.edu Ioannis Kareklas (PhD, University of Connecticut) is an assistant professor of marketing, Washington State University. Jeffrey R. Carlson (MA, Purdue University) is a doctoral candidate, University of Connecticut. Darrel D. Muehling (PhD, University of Nebraska–Lincoln) is a professor of marketing, Washington State University. 18 CONSIDERATIONS FOR PURCHASING ORGANIC FOOD The current research extends previous work in this area by providing a theoretical lens through which to examine consumers’ underlying considerations to purchase organic food. It is our contention that, unlike most other purchases where egoistic (i.e., self-centered) concerns are likely to drive decisions—with the notable exception of charitable giving (e.g., Fisher, Vandenbosch, and Antia 2008)—organic purchase decisions are likely to extend beyond personal concerns and include â€Å"othersbased† concerns as well (e.g., societal and ecological concerns). Relatedly, extant research suggests that, in addition to concern for one’s health and well-being (Harris Interactive 2007; Schifferstein and Ophuis 1998; Zanoli and Naspetti 2002), concern for the environment may also drive consumers’ attitudes toward organic food (Kareklas, Carlson, and Muehling 2012; Squires, Juric, and Cornwell 2001; Wandel and Bugge 1997). Speciï ¬ cally, organic food is considered to be more environmentally friendly, which beneï ¬ tsShow MoreRelatedBlah Blah Blah1270 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction II. Two types of dilutive securities are convertible bonds and convertible preferred stock. A. Convertible bonds can be converted to other corporate securities during some specific time after issuance. B. Convertible preferred stock, includes an option for the holder to convert preferred shares into a certain number of common shares. Unlike convertible bonds, convertible preferred stock is considered equity (unless there is a mandatory redemption feature). Note the exampleRead MoreBlah13832 Words   |  56 PagesNombre ———————————————————— Clase ———————— Fecha ————— Goal: Talk 1 about activities. Put an X next to each activity that you do in your Spanish classroom. andar en patineta 1. 2. X leer un libro 3. X estudiar comprar un helado 4. 5. 2 X aprender el espaà ±ol Talk about what you like to do. Complete the following sentences with a word or expression from the vocabulary. te gusta 1. A ti  ¿quà © 2. A mà ­ me gusta montar en 3. Me gusta prepararRead MoreBlah622 Words   |  3 PagesPerry - Perry is the most complex character in the entire book and we learn more about him than any other character. His childhood is explained very carefully throughout the novel and from what is described, his life as a kid was very frustrating and tough which could be the reason for his mediocre mental instability. Growing up with an alcoholic mother who died when he was thirteen years old, his life was beyond normal. After the death of his mother, he was then sent to a Catholic orphanage whereRead MoreDeclining Birth Rates Developed Countries951 Words   |  4 Pagesby adding Additionally, even what once was considered so and so writes that if something is not done soon, blah blah blah can so and so. With these threats seeming to come sooner than later programs of so and so have also been introduced. Out of these, it seems that the program started by the so and so to eradicate has shown the most promise. In fact, it can be argued that blah blah blah. With such alarming trends across all three developed nations, social programs and incentives have been introducedRead MoreAPA format1473 Words   |  6 Pagesor adjacent paragraphs. [APA, p. 33] 10. ï€ ¹ Try to avoid use of he/she. For ideas to replace – see APA, p. 66 11. ï€ ¹ and/ - use Aand@ in running text. Use A@ for more than one author within brackets eg. Smith and Jones (1985) said; blah, blah blah (Smith Jones, 1995). [APA, p. 208]. Also in list of references: Smith, J., Jones, L. (2004). And in multiple publishers: Smith, Holt Rhinehart. 12a. ï€ ¹ Numbers under ten are written out (one, seven); numbers 10 and over are numericalRead MoreNutrient Lab750 Words   |  3 Pageshighlight at least 3 areas; Must also include at least one research statement or specific scientific reference within this section. For example you could say â€Å"The Institute of Medicine recommends sports beverages over water when exercise exceeds blah, blah, blah†). †¢ Safety levels (Make sure to touch on safety for all three beverages; Do not include a general statement only; Be specific and think about safety from all angles (overhydration, specific ingredients, health concerns, etc). Read MoreNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Dialectical Journal1379 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst (â€Å"I,† â€Å"me,† â€Å"we,† â€Å"us†) or second person (â€Å"you†). Also, you should not begin every sentence with â€Å"Douglass.† Stick to ONE focused point per entry. SIGNIFICANT QUOTES or paraphrases followed by citation Ex: â€Å"blah, blah, blah† (12). Ex: â€Å"blah, blah, blah!† (12). Ex: â€Å"blah, blah, blah?†(12). ANALYSIS: Move beyond plot to reflect on Douglass’s use of rhetoric to further his agenda. What is Douglass’s PURPOSE in the selected quote—what is his argument, his message, and how does his language helpRead MoreNew York - Original Writing Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation. I found 3 different websites that had the answer. The only issue was the answer was hidden within complicated terms and conditions. I was extremely frustrated because I wanted a direct and clear answer. None of that â€Å"yes you can blah blah blah, however blah blah blah† crap. About half an hour later my parents arrived home with the groceries. I helped them put the food away and I sat all of them down to have a discussion on this topic. â€Å"Mom, Dad, Val...is it possible for me to get on a plane andRead MoreThinking, Language and Intelligence1168 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese language and Korean language, people often add â€Å"I think† at the end of the sentence after stating their opinion. They have a very indirect way of communicating, for instance, in a typical Japanese sentence, â€Å"blah blah blah + 㠁 ¨Ã¦â‚¬ Ã£ â€ (I think)†, in a Korean sentence, â€Å"blah blah blah + ê °â„¢Ã¬â€¢â€ž(seems like / looks like)† these are often the way of expressing one’s idea. When speak in Mandarin and English, I express myself more directly and assertively, while in Japanese language and Korean language I expressRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing1036 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom GNG middle school. I unfolded the paper inside, and read. I was in Mrs. Fitzpatrick’s homeroom! My sister had her a few years ago. There was also a list of things I need for the school year. Basic things like, a pencil, pencil sharpener, blah blah blah. However, the thing that stood out most was the words â€Å"Stars n’ Stripes† my team. I grabbed the phone and called my best friend Abby. â€Å"Hello?† She asked. â€Å"I got my letter!† I exclaimed. â€Å"Me too!† â€Å"Who s your teacher

Essay on British Rule in Florida - 1740 Words

The British were not good rulers because they had only ruled for 20 years, while Spain had dominated Florida for over 288 years. The British were weak, the only reason they got Florida was because they were teamed with the French. This of course was before the Treaty of Paris. In 1672 the British had captured Havana but the use of it was nothing. Many of the British territories had recruiting programs that were not hard to like. Also when the British were working for good times luck was not there for them. Crops died within the first few months of their new colony. Also more diseases had really hurt the British. Diseases as in mosquito bites that cause malaria. For some colonists British times were very hard. This was a big reason why†¦show more content†¦One raid on the American South was so serious Colonel John Baker had to surrender to the British. Soon after the attack the American Revolutionary War was almost about to happen. Some loyalists remained well..loyal to the B ritish during that time period. The 2 sides as in the east and west side were very royal colonies. Even though the Spain had ruled for a longer period time. The British had one advantage they were able to recruit permanent settlers. Most of Floridas officials were looking to save money to keep public services going. The Proclamation of 1763 outlawed settlement west of the appalachians to the newly acquired Florida. The Britishers partners were the French. The French had strong desires to develop trade within their new colony and also outsiders around it. Each pioneer settler was given 100 acres of land and 50 acres per family member, i mean who could complain about that. Soon after this the British went to war against the British. After the war with France it nearly bankrupted the British government. The British were so worried about pirate attacks that they had to call a militia to assure safety. Around 1776 about 7 years before the British rule was over, West Florida was bigger th an East Florida. West Florida had extended to Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. This was also a major problem because they had problems increasing migration of the Indians into the region. Mostly because Farmers would endanger the fur trade with theShow MoreRelated American Revolution Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"thirteen† colonies which would later become the Unites States of America were originally colonies of Great Britain. By the time that the American Revolution took place, the citizens of these colonies were beginning to grow weary with Britain’s rule. Rebellion and discontent were rampant.. The main reason for their revolt against England was the taxation issue. The reaction against taxation was often violent and the most powerful and articulate groups in population rose against the taxationRead MoreThe Florida Indians1456 Words   |  6 PagesMany of the Florida Indians by the time of the British arrival (1763) were trading for decades with the Spanish and its colonies to the immediate south. The Creek Nation was a loose confederation of disparate Southeastern tribes sharing a common language and matrilineal line. Many of the Creeks who did not share their nation’s policy of trade with the British colonies migrated to new lands in Florida. But despite the geopolitical separation into Spanish territory, many still identified themselvesRead MoreThe Revolutionary War And The Declaration Of Independence1586 Words   |  7 Pageswith the British, as well as Native Americans, led to more struggles for America. The British fail ed to recognize the United States of America as a separate and free country, and by enlisting the help of frustrated Native Americans they continued to be a sore within America. They believed they had rights to some parts of land in western Florida, they joined forces with Native Americans when Americans decide to move westward, and worst of all they continued to impress Americans onto British ships becauseRead MoreAndrew Jackson : Conqueror Of Florida1489 Words   |  6 PagesCONQUEROR OF FLORIDA Kyle Robinson HIUS 221-B19 9 October 2017  ANDREW JACKSON: CONQUEROR OF FLORIDA Introduction America is one country that has been built through conquests and wars due to its rich geography and lands which attracted many powerful nations like Britain and Spain. One of these conquests took place in the nineteenth century where an American general took siege of Florida, a Spanish territory by then. Andrew Jackson was the man whose mission was to seize Florida in the yearRead MoreChange in Population of the Bahamas 1775-1789669 Words   |  3 PagesTreaty of Versailles returned the Bahamas territory to British rule and Florida to Spanish rule. These events created an exodus of loyalists, seeking sanctuary in the Bahamas as they evacuated Florida. Thus the majority of immigrants to the Bahamas came from Florida, however this reduced in March 1785. New York also provided Bahamas with 1000 refuges. Which is reflected in the instance where, Sir Guy Carleton (Commander in chief of British forces in America) was notified that four hundred New YorkRead MoreCompare and Contrast Spanis h and British Colonization Efforts in North America Prior to 1763.1475 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast Spanish and British colonization efforts in North America prior to 1763. Prior to 1763, both Spanish and British colonization efforts expanded into various regions of North America. In less than a century, from 1625 to 1700, the movements of peoples and goods from Europe to North America transformed the continent. Native Americans either resisted or accommodated the newcomers depending on the region of the colony. Though the English colonies were by far the most populousRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesand when George Washington took charge of the army and won the United States won independence from the British. On April 30, 1789, George Washington was standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on in New York and took his oath of office as the first President of the United States. He was known as America’s Father of our Country and also known as a founding father. After the victory against the British troops in Yorktown, they left New York and he returned his duty to Congress and retired. The secondRead MoreFrench and Indian War Dbq1152 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the relationship between the British and the American colonies underwent many radical changes. This war drew the British into America to fight the French alongside of the American colonists. Once the fighting began, the vast economic, political, and ideological differences between the colonists and their mother country of Great Britain surfaced. The French and Indian War impacted the political correlation between Britain and the American coloniesRead MoreThe French And Indian War1095 Words   |  5 Pagesexpelled to Canada and then they separated to smaller colonies. The war doubled Britain’s national debt, and then the debt was to be lightened by the tax on the colonies, but this attempt to tax was met with great opposition. The opposition to the British tax in the colonies was the driving force for the American Revolutionary War. Eighteenth century warfa re conducted on land and sea across the globe, was enormously expensive. France was military defeated and they eventually lost leading to the FrenchRead MoreThe American Colonies Military Struggles with European Nations687 Words   |  3 Pagesresulted in France losing all of its colonies in America and Great Britain laying claim to the area that has become known as Florida and to the French territory that was east of the Mississippi, while the French land of Louisiana was taken over by Spain. This transfer of land ownership drastically changed the power balance between the European countries in America, with the British victory becoming completely dominant over the North American continent. Following to chain to the next link, the American

Factors Influencing On Voting Behavior-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss the Important factors that influencing on voting behavior during elections. Answer: Introduction In a democratic country, elections are one of the most importance event for citizens as well as the political parties as this has a direct impact on the democratic process and development of the country. People participate in elections so that they can choose their representative. Different people may have different rational to choose their own representative. However, in countries dominated by political parties, the voting behavior is no more a personal concept. Political figures play a key role in influencing the voting behavior and engaging in unique campaigns to catch the attention of the public. This report discusses the process of election and determines how different factors have an impact on the voting behavior of countries. Discussion on important factors influencing on voting behavior during elections The electoral process in different countries varies according to the type of government established in countries. Canada has a federal parliamentary democracy where the electoral system has evolved in response to countrys geography. The Constitution Act of 1867 and 1982 has defined the time interval after which federal elections should be held which is five year. The only exception to this rule is in the times of apprehended war or invasion. The role of geography is seen in the democratic representation because geographical divisions like electoral districts define the representation of members in the House of Common. This is a short description or overview for the elections process in Canada. Just like Canada, electoral process in other democratic countries is also defined by the constitution and certain constitutional Acts (Elections Canada Online | The Electoral System of Canada, 2017). However, the main focus of this report is not the regular electoral process in countries, but t he impact of certain political factors on voting behavior. The changes in voting behavior can be explained by proper understanding about the concept of electoral contestation. This is defined as the degree of election based competition in a political region. The presence of high and minimal contestation in a region also influences the voting behavior of people. In case of minimal contestation, the incumbent party always occupies the seat whereas in case of high contestation, frequent turnover in political power is seen (Gerring et al., 2015). It has also been found that voting behavior during the contestation process is also affected by size of unit. For example, larger geographical units have greater contestation and this in turn affects voting behavior. This can be said because larger unit has more chances of constituent diversity. Hence, political parties aiming to get the desired seat focus a lot on understanding voting behavior of citizens. This enables them to take the right strategy to bring public towards their side. The prediction o f voting behavior is mainly done by considering political, culture, religious and race of a group. In addition certain, inherent emotions, political campaigns, socialization of parties, political views and media affect the voting behavior (Gerring et al., 2015). On the basis of this explanation, it can be said that voting behavior is affected by both internal and external influence. The degree to which these factors affects voting behavior also determines whether correct democratic decision has been taken by citizens or not. Voting behavior is also modified according to type of elections. This can be said because people have different criteria while taking voting decision during presidential, legislative, local or referendum election. Therefore, the logic for taking voting decision changes if the voting is for national or regional elections. In case of national level elections, people mainly take decisions on the basis of political beliefs and in case of local elections, they try to evaluate the capability of the candidate to bring changes in the local region. In addition, evaluation of certain public policies, government performance and characteristics of individual candidates act as the major source of individual voting behavior (Mintz, Close, Croci, 2017). The evaluation of political parties or candidates by voters is again affected by attitudinal factors of citizens. For example, voters attitudes towards a party affect their ability to vote. Some citizens identify with a specific political party because of their loyalty towards the party. Hence, partisan loyalties can affect evaluation and assessment of candidates and perception of the partys contribution in the countries. Apart from this, there are certain ideological orientations too which affect voting behavior. For example, some people may have explicit understanding about political ideologies and they tend to critically analyze different factors while deciding to vote for a candidate. However, there are other sections too who have no political interest or lacks the knowledge and qualification to understand role of political parties in the development of their region. Hence, such voters are very liberals in their decision and they may be easily influenced by the current action or campaigns of political parties. On the whole, it can be said that on the basis of ideology and attitude of voters, the electoral behavior and the electoral dynamic change dramatically. One of the significant and long term change in electoral dynamics is seen when basic loyalties towards a party change all of sudden and complete realignment of the party system takes place. Personal background of voter such as their income level, occupation and upbringing also influence their decision. Race, education and religion also affects the decision to vote a candidate. There is controversial argument regarding allowing only educated people the right to vote. This is because educated people have better capability to choose the right candidate for their constituency compared to illiterate people (Mintz, Close, Croci, 2017). The relationship between socioeconomic status and voting behavior is an important topic in research. The level of education, income and occupation acts as a significant factor in influencing voting decision, voting behavior and attitude towards voting. For instance, educated voters have the best chance to have their view represented. However, there are socioeconomically disadvantaged group in the community too who rely on government programs and external provocation to engage in the voting process. Education is also considered the most importa nt socioeconomic factor in elections because it affects the voter turnout percentage. Educated people are aware about the role of the political system and the act of voting in connecting with realities of their lives. In addition they also have all the information regarding national and international events through social media (Cohen Chaffee, 2013). Hence, they regard voting as an opportunity and participate actively it. Less educated people on the other hand mostly tend to skip voting. The analysis of campaign issues and types of political campaigns during election also helps to study voting behavior. Political parties tend to use campaigns as a source to give important message to public and televisions, mass media, social media act as the major source to connect with voters and pass key political message to the public. Such campaign greatly influence voting behavior and voting decisions because it clarified the public regarding important party policies, vision and core political agendas. This helps voters to make informed choice during voting. With the advent of technology and the digital media, political leaders are taking innovative methods to disseminate campaign message to public. For example, currently advertising is regarded as a powerful tool to directly connect with public and inform them about their key political agenda (Mintz, Close, Croci, 2017). Therefore, political parties spend a huge amount in political ad campaigns to craft the best campaign messa ge and influence the choice of people during voting decision. The perception of voters regarding the candidate also has an impact on voting behavior during elections. The voter are loyal to specific parties only because of their influence on implementing important government policies or bringing significant changes in their life. However, with the use of mass media tools, political powers have taken the advantage and manipulated voters perception regarding a political figure or party. The advantage of mass media has been realized in elections because of number of reasons. Firstly, it helps to communicate political message to large group of people. Secondly, there is also scope for transmitting propaganda selectively. Thirdly, political leaders get the advantage to adopt different communication styles and format to pass the message. Hence, the way message are disseminated through media tools have an impact on voters attitude. Mass media act as powerful source to shape as well as change voting behavior (Cohen Chaffee, 2013). Several theoretical models have also tried to explain voting behavior. Political parties can take the help of sociological and psychosocial models to interpret and analysis voting behavior and develop their campaign plans accordingly. Conclusion: The report summarizes the dynamics of the electoral process by discussion about the impact of several factors on voting behavior. Apart from political ideologies and loyalty towards a party, many socioeconomic links between voting behavior and elections has also been found For instance, discussion has highlighted about the difference in voting behavior due to education, employment and religion. The attitude and perception towards political parties also challenges political powers to take innovative step to manipulate voters choice during voting process. The mass media has emerged as a powerful tool for political parties to disseminate important message and affect behavior. References: Cohen, A. K., Chaffee, B. W. (2013). The relationship between adolescents civic knowledge, civic attitude, and civic behavior and their self-reported future likelihood of voting.Education, citizenship and social justice,8(1), 43-57. Elections Canada Online | The Electoral System of Canada. (2017).Elections.ca. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?dir=cesdocument=part1lang=esection=res Gerring, J., Palmer, M., Teorell, J., Zarecki, D. (2015). Demography and democracy: A global, district-level analysis of electoral contestation.American Political Science Review,109(3), 574-591. Mintz, E., Close, D., Croci, O. (2017).Politics, Power and the Common Good: An Introduction to Political Science(4th ed.). Canada: Pearson Education.

Aspect Of Contract And Negligence For Business The WritePass Journal

Aspect Of Contract And Negligence For Business Abstract Aspect Of Contract And Negligence For Business ). The first legal element refers to the inclusion of an offer, which indicates one’s willingness to enter into a specific bargain. In this case, an offer is made by Phil, the Chief Executive Officer of Zulu Aviation Ltd. Another important legal element for the formation of a valid contract is associated with acceptance, which should indicate an agreement to the terms initially made. Phil’s offer of  £100,000 for reserving the Airbus 321 has been accepted by Joseph, EMA’s Managing Director. The third significant legal element showing the validity of the discussed contract is the availability of a legal purpose (Knapp et al., 2012). It is clear that the contract’s purpose is legal because it is based on the sale of a second-hand Airbus 321. Furthermore, mutuality of obligation presents a situation in which both parties ensure mutual understanding to the expression and form of their agreement. In other words, a common expectation is that the parties need to agree to the same thing, which is described in the same manner, and at the same time. These legal conditions have been met by both Phil and Joseph. Consideration indicates another essential element for the formation of a valid contract (Poole, 2012). Legal binding needs to be supported by valuable and realistic consideration. In the case study of EMA, Phil ensures his consideration by claiming that he will pay  £100,000 to EMA if the latter promises not to sell the Airbus 321 to another buyer for the period of five days. The importance of these components reflects in the validity and legality of the contract to be established, and if any of these conditions are non-present, it is virtually impossible to form a valid contract (Knapp et al., 2012). Impacts of Different Types of Contract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When discussing the specificity and implications of contract law, it is important to consider the impacts of different types of contract, such as bilateral and unilateral contracts, express and implied contracts, void and voidable contracts, and distance selling contracts (Hillman, 2004). Bilateral contracts are commonly used in daily life, as they represent an agreement between at least two individuals or groups. Unilateral contracts are associated with an action undertaken by one individual or group alone, as this type of contract allows only one individual to involve in making a specific promise or agreement (Elliott and Quinn, 2003). In express contracts, a promise is stated in a clear language, while in implied contracts, the focus is on presenting behaviours or actions which lead parties to believe that a certain agreement exists (Hillman, 2004). Void contracts are contracts that cannot be enforced by either party. According to law, void contracts are perceived as if they had never been established. The main aspect of void contracts refers to a situation where one of the parties performs in an illegal manner (Hillman, 2004). Therefore, void contracts cannot be conducted under the law. An example of void contracts can be found in Dickinson v Dodds [1876], where there is only an offer made and was intended to be an offer solely because it did not result in any legally binding agreement. There was no consideration ensured or promise and thus was judged non-binding. Although in the case of Shuey v US [1875] the revocation is prominent as the offer is, the type of offer is considered non-binding. On the other hand, voidable contracts are based on enforcement and hence they are valid (Elliott and Quinn, 2003). In general, only one of the parties is legally bound to such contracts. Yet, the unbound party has the right to cancel the contract and thus the contract automatically becomes void (Knapp et al., 2012). This implies that voidable contracts represent valid, legal agreements. Distance selling contracts refer to the main responsibility assumed under the law to protect consumers while they conduct shopping activities online. Such regulations also occur in situations where consumers enter into other contracts, as they are at a distance from the supplier (Hillman, 2004). Special protection is ensured to customers on the basis that they are unable to meet directly with the supplier and check the quality of goods and services that are offered for sale. Distance selling regulations have been enforced in the UK since 2000, but it is essential to note that they are inapplicable to contracts between businesses (Elliott and Quinn, 2003). The main legal effect of these regulations is that they enable consumers with the right to receive accurate and proper information about the supplier, including the products and services that are provided for sale. In addition, consumers tend to receive a written confirmation of such information, which makes the regulations credible . There is also a cancellation period of seven working days in which consumers have the right to withdraw from the contract. Individuals receive protection from different forms of fraud associated with the option of using payment cards (Knapp et al., 2012). Case Study of EMA In the case study of EMA, the focus is on determining whether the two parties have formed a valid, legal contract. As previously mentioned, the parties applied each of the essential legal elements for a valid contract, including offer, acceptance, legal purpose, mutuality of obligation, and valuable consideration. The terms of the contract between EMA and Zulu Aviation Ltd are clearly specified. However, it can be argued that the type of contract presented by the two parties is express considering that the promise for forming a legally binding agreement has been stated in a clear language verbally, via phone (Poole, 2012). Despite the precise form of the binding procedure, the validity of such express contract is apparent. There are strictly claimed promises on the behalf of both sides: the first party needs to pay a particular amount of money to guarantee the sale of the Airbus 321; the other needs to keep his promise not to sell the Airbus 321 to another buyer for the next five day s. It can be concluded that such initial conditions of forming a legal contract have been met (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). Simply put, there is an offer followed by an acceptance by EMA’s Managing Director. An example of the complex transaction that took place between EMA and Zulu Aviation Ltd can be found in the case of Byrne v. Van Tienhoven (1880), which presents relevant inferences on the issue of revocation with regards to the postal rule. In the case of EMA and Zulu Aviation Ltd, the phone rule (considering the phone conversation between Phil and Joseph) may not apply in revocation. In other words, while a phone conversation to arrange a contract may simply indicate a valid acceptance, it is most likely that the court will rule that it does not count as proper and valid revocation (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). Moreover, there is a stated legal purpose that legally binds both parties to form a valid agreement. They are focused on keeping their promise, which is an initial requirement for the establishment of a legal contract. It can be indicated that the objective of the contract between EMA and Zulu Aviation Ltd is to achieve a legal purpose. Thus, the condition of a creating a purpose for the existence of a binding contract has been applied in the case (Poole, 2012). The mutuality of obligation is also evident considering the motifs and promises ensured by both sides. There is a strong sense of mutual understanding on the behalf of each party regarding the expression and specificity of their agreement. In addition, there is an objective standard being applied in the case in terms of determining what the parties have precisely said in the process of forming their agreement (Knapp et al., 2012). The fact that the offer is clear and definite is indicative of both parties’ acceptance o f the terms outlined in the offer. There is a valuable consideration illustrated in the statement of Phil, who is ready to pay  £100,000 in case EMA’s Managing Director fulfils his promise. Therefore, this case study illustrates the application of an express contract law (MacMillan and Stone 2012). Implications regarding the Supply of Mobile Phones   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The only specified term in the contract between Key Services Enterprise (KSE) Ltd and Unique Mobile Solutions (UMS) Ltd is that of the provision of 500 mobile telephones, which are suitable for use in the UK. The court will classify these types of contractual terms as intermediate or innominate terms (Poole, 2012). The status of these terms is not clearly defined, as their significance lies between a condition and a warranty. Innominate terms were established in the case of HK Fir Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962], where the defendants chartered a ship for the duration of two years from the plaintiffs. In the agreement established between the two parties, there was a specific clause indicating that the ship was suitable for performing cargo service. Due to problems with the engine, 20 weeks of the charter were lost and thus the defendants were entitled to bring an action for damages for breach of contract on the grounds of the clause specified in the agreement (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). Under the circumstance that the use of the telephones supplied was illegal in the UK, and they could not be modified to make their use legal, the court will classify this term as misrepresentation or a false statement made by the mobile phone seller regarding the use of the products. As in the case of Gordon v Selico [1986], it is possible to make a misrepresentation by words or by conduct. However, it should be considered that representation is not a term. Moreover, the telephones supplied required tuning to particular frequencies, a task taking two minutes for each one. This aspect also indicates the presence of innominate terms (Knapp et al., 2012). However, under the circumstance in which the CEO of KSE signed the contract with UMS, there is no reference to any other document. In addition, KSE’s CEO accepted the receipt of the transaction without reading it, which represents a serious mistake that can be identified as negligence in lawful terms. The harm caused by the deci sion of KSE’s CEO to sign a contract with UMS is as a result of his carelessness. There is a failure to behave with the proper level of care required for the described circumstances (Poole, 2012). On the back of the receipt provided by UMS, the statement can be classified by the court as an exclusion clause because the provider of the mobile phones has directly excluded liability for contractual breach. In an attempt to analyse the exclusion clause as a term under the circumstance in which KSE’s CEO accepted the receipt without reading it, specific implications can be drawn. As a term in a contract, an exclusion clause indicates the purpose to limit or restrict the rights of the parties bound to the contract (Hillman, 2004). A true exclusion clause, as in the case of UMS, recognised a potential breach of contract, and then serves as an excuses liability for any potential breach. Therefore, it can be concluded that an exclusion clause was ‘incorporated’ into the contract with KSE. The effect of this term in the contract should be evaluated on the basis of incorporation (Elliott and Quinn, 2003). This means that UMS has actually incorporated an exclusion clause by signature (at the back of the receipt of the transaction provided to KSE). The fact that KSE’s CEO accepted the receipt and signed it means that the respective clause is considered part of the cont ract. Yet, the party representing the clause, UMS, has not taken any reasonable steps to bring it to the close attention of the second party in the contract (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). Applying the legal controls that the court would use in assessing the validity of the term in the contract should refer to principles of strict literal interpretation and contra proferentem (Hillman, 2004). In order an exclusion clause to operate, it needs to cover the breach with an assumption of a potential breach of contract. In case there is a breach of contract, the specific type of liability which is emerging is also relevant in the process of interpretation by the court. There is strict liability involved, which arises as a result of a state of affairs in which the party at breach is not necessarily identified as responsible for the fault (Smits, 2005). However, the court needs to consider the case of liability for negligence, or in other words, liability arising as a result of fault. A common tendency demonstrated by the court would be to require the party which relies on the clause to have drafted it adequately in order to result in a situation where that party is exempted f rom the liability arising (Cauffman, 2013). In the presence of ambiguity, as it might be in the case of KSE and UMS, the court would most probably apply the legal control of strict literal interpretation against the party which extensively relies on the exclusion clause in the contract. In the process of assessing the validity of the exclusion clause in the contract, the court may also apply the legal control of contra proferentem (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). In case ambiguity persists even after attempts have been made to construe an exclusion clause with regards to its natural meaning, the court may decide to apply a rule identified as contra proferentem. This term implies that the clause needs to be construed against the party in the contract that imposed its initial inclusion, respectively UMS. In the context of negligence, the court would most probably take the approach that a party would enter into a contract that permits the second party to evade fault based liability (Cauffman, 2013). Law of Tort Liability in Tort and Contractual Liability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While discussing certain implications of liability, contrasting liability in tort with contractual liability is important. All activities initiated by individuals as well as organisations are regulated by law. Tort law represents a branch of the civil law, and it should be considered that any dispute in civil law is usually between private parties (Horsey and Rackley, 2011). As indicated in the previous section, strict liability illustrates a solid legal doctrine according to which a party is held responsible for the damages resulting by his or her actions. Strict liability is also applicable to tort law especially in cases involving product liability lawsuits (Okrent, 2014). In the context of tort law, strict liability refers to the process of imposing liability on a party or individual without a particular finding of fault. In case fault is found, the court would determine a situation known as negligence or tortuous intent (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2012). As a result, the plaintiff would need to prove the occurrence of the tort and the implied responsibility of the defendant. The objective of strict liability is to discourage any forms of reckless behaviour as well as irrelevant product development and manufacturing. Therefore, liability in tort refers to the duty of care along with the negligence of that duty. On the other hand, contractual liability is associated with a situation in which two or more parties promise specific things to each other (Okrent, 2014). Liability in tort and contractual liability are similar in the point that they are both civil wrongs, and the individual wronged sues in the court in order to obtain compensation. However, the m ain difference is that in a claim related to liability in tort, the defendant may not have been involved in any previous relationship or transaction with the claimant. On the contrary, in a claim of contractual liability, the main condition that should be met is that the defendant and claimant should be the parties representing the contract (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2012). Case Study of King’s Restaurant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an attempt to analyse the situation described in the case study of King’s Restaurant, it appears that it should be considered on the basis of tort of negligence. The claimants in this case, Carlos and Janet, need to prove certain elements to the court so as to provide a valid proof of negligence and claim damages (Okrent, 2014). These elements refer to proving that the restaurant owed them a strict duty of care; the restaurant breached that particular duty of care; and Carlos and Janet suffered damage resulting from the breach. The notion of the duty of care was established in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] in which the court enforced the decision that an individual may sue another person who caused them loss or damage even in the absence of contractual relationship. Yet, in the case of Carlos and Janet, it needs to be considered that even if the court proves negligence, the restaurant may have a defence that protects it from liabil ity, or decreases the precise amount of damages it is liable for (Horsey and Rackley, 2011). Hence, it can be argued that there is tortuous liability action against the restaurant. There is a breach of a statutory duty in King’s Restaurant case study, as the direct consequence was harming a person, which gives rise to tortuous liability for the restaurant towards Carlos and Janet under the legal doctrine of negligence (Christie et al., 1997). However, the victim should be identified in the class of individuals protected by the statute. Another important condition related to the success of the tort suit is that the injury should be of the specific type that the statute intended to prevent. Thus, the claimants need to prove their claim on specific balance of probabilities. It is also important for Carlos and Janet to show that the damage suffered is not quite remote from the breach (Horsey and Rackley, 2011). It should be assumed that a duty of care existed in this case because King’s Restaurant is identified as an award-winning and very expensive English restaur ant, which directly brings the conclusion that the services provided by the restaurant should be at a superior level. The standard of care should be determined through expert testimony and through the consideration of applicable, professional standards in the industry. The harm in the case is mostly physical, which makes it a sufficient claim for negligence. The problem in the case study can be resolved if Carlos and Janet definitely consider the option of claiming tortuous liability against the restaurant (Christie et al., 1997). Case Study of Angelina and Christian Auctioneers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this case, the legal principles of tort of professional negligence misstatement and vicarious liability can be applied. The tort of professional negligence misstatement refers to representing a fact, which is improperly and carelessly made. This claim is usually relied on by another party and results in their disadvantage (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2012). Vicarious liability presents a doctrine according to which an individual is responsible for the actions of another person because of a special relationship available between the parties, such as the one between an employer and an employee. Angelina has rights and remedies against Brad and Christian Auctioneers in connection with the incorrect advice given to her about the worth of the painting (Okrent, 2014). In the case, Angelina relies on the other party for their expertise, knowledge, and judgment. Moreover, the person who provided advice to Angelina, Brad, knew that the other party w as relying on him and his judgment about the painting. It can be also argued that it was reasonable for Angelina in the presented circumstances to rely on Brad and Christian Auctioneers. Brad on the behalf of his organisation, Christian Auctioneers, has given a negligence misstatement regarding the painting’s value. His judgment was personal rather than professionally based (Hodgson and Lewthwaite, 2012). Angelina’s rights against Brad and Christian Auctioneers are based on the premise of the special relationship established between her and this organisation. In the process of examining the special relationship concept, an example can be observed in the case of Shaddock Associates PTY Ltd v Parramatta City Council [1981], in which a solicitor acting on behalf of Shaddock established contact with the Parramatta City Council to seek advice regarding the potential impact on a property as a result of road widening proposals (Okrent, 2014). The council employees gave the solicitor a negligent misstatement, and as a result, Shaddock purchased the property and significant losses have been suffered. When applying the law in the case of Angelina, duty of care should be established in order to claim for negligence. It is important to consider the question of whether it was reasonably foreseeable that the actions of Brad and Christian Auctioneers would cause harm or loss to Angelina. Fur thermore, it is essential to establish the presence of a physical or factual link between Angelina and Brad and Christian Auctioneers. It can be deduced that their relationship was physical considering that Angelina approached the company to give her a valuation of some antique furniture present at her flat (Christie et al., 1997). The court would also need to determine the vulnerability of the plaintiff, and it can be indicated that the vulnerability to Angelina was high because she was relying on Brad and Christian Auctioneers for their professional advice in order to make a sound decision (Horsey and Rackley, 2011). The court would need to consider the actual damages caused. Considering that Angelina sold a valuable painting of Rembrandt for only  £100 is indicative of the losses she suffered due to the incorrect advice given to her. Moreover, the principle of vicarious liability could also refer to this case (Horsey and Rackley, 2011). Vicarious liability is applicable because liability is attributed to Christian Auctioneers that has a responsibility for its employee, Brad, who negligently causes a loss to Angelina because of the incorrect advice provided to her. In other words, the employer is responsible for the actions of the employee. Therefore, this form of strict liability can be imposed on Christian Auctioneers due to the negligent conduct of its employees in the case of Angelina (Okrent, 2014). Possible Defences Available to Christian Auctioneers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There could be possible defences available to Christian Auctioneers. Such defences are mainly based on the assumption whether there is a contractual relationship between the parties (Okrent, 2014). An example of this aspect can be found in the case of Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1994], emphasising a statement of responsibility by an individual providing professional services along with reliance by the individual for whom the services were provided. Therefore, in the case of Angelina, it can be deduced that there was no special, contractual relationship between the parties (Christie et al., 1997). Angelina sought a free valuation, which may imply that there would not be liability for such type of information. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper discussed essential aspects of contract law and tort law. The first part of the paper focused on describing the elements comprising a valid, legal contract along with differentiating the effects of common contracts (MacMillan and Stone, 2012). Details from two case studies were provided, namely from East Midlands Airways Airbus case and the case involving the supply of mobile phones. Important issues pertaining to contract law were discussed with the application of relevant law. The second part of the paper emphasised important principles of tort law by differentiating liability in tort and contractual liability. Negligence liability was discussed with regards to the case study of King’s Restaurant. Specific details about tort of professional negligence misstatement and vicarious liability were provided in the case study of Angelina and Christian Auctioneers (Okrent, 2014). In conclusion, legal and business practitioners need to stay informed about valid and applicable law principles with regards to contract and negligence in order to adhere to professional standards of conducting appropriate business practices. References Byrne v Van Tienhoven [1980] CPD 344 Cauffman, C. (2013). ‘The Principle of Proportionality and European Contract Law’. Maastricht Faculty of Law Working Paper. Working Paper No. 2013-05. Christie, G. C., Meeks, J. E., Pryor, E. S., and Sanders, J. (1997). Cases and Materials on the Law of Torts. St. Paul, MN: West. Dickinson v Dodds [1876] Ch. D. 463 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 Elliott, C. and Quinn, F. (2003). Contract Law. London: Longman. Gordon v Selico [1986] HLR 219 Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1994] UKHL 5 Hillman, R. A. (2004). Principles of Contract Law. St. Paul, MN: West. HK Fir Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] EWCA 7 Hodgson, J. and Lewthwaite, J. (2012). Tort Law Textbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Horsey, K. and Rackley, E. (2011). Tort Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Knapp, C. L., Crystal, N. M., and Prince, H. G. (2012). Problems in Contract Law: Cases and Materials. New York: Wolters Kluwer Law Business. MacMillan, C. and Stone, R. (2012). Elements of the Law of Contract. London: Stewart House. Okrent, C. (2014). Torts and Personal Injury Law. New York: Cengage Learning. Poole, J. (2012). Casebook on Contract Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shaddock Associates PTY Ltd v Parramatta City Council [1981] HCA 59 Shuey v US [1875] 92 US 73 Smits, J. M. (2005). ‘The Principles of European Contract Law and the Harmonization of Private Law in Europe’. Maastricht University Faculty of Law, pp. 567-590.

Friendship of Lennie and George essays

Friendship of Lennie and George essays The friendship Lennie and George had in Of Mice and Men is incomparable to most friendships today. They were two very different people brought together by fate. Through all the hardships that theyve been through, they still managed to pull through it all, that is, until it came to the very end. Lennie and George are polar opposites. Lennie a muscular guy with no sense of what is going on around him, relies purely on what George tells him to do. Lennie is all brute strength without a hint of intelligence in his body. George on the other hand is a very knowledgeable man. George has hopes and aspirations he wants to fulfill. He is a man that is able to fend for, and is not dependant on anyone but himself. George may not be as strong as Lennie, but Lennie isnt as intelligent as George. Through their many differences these two prove that they need each other, and through each other they learn how to survive. Lennie and George balance each other out. Lennie helps George through his brute strength, while George helps Lennie control his strength. George is the brains of the operation. He thinks of ways to earn their money, and he helps control Lennie and make sure that he behaves himself. The two different characters manage not to clash, but instead balance each other out. They are both helping each other, Thats what a good friendship should be doing. The person shouldnt depend on the other too much, and not get anything back, but instead balance each other out. A good friendship should help each other out through everything, even if it means doing what hurts to do whats right for the other. Lennie and George had a friendship like no other, and when it came down to the end of things their everlasting friendship was proven to be true. George knew what was best for his friend, although he knew that it would hurt him, he knew that it had to be done. George, being th ...